Ocimum basilicum 'Dark Opal' (Dark Opal Basil)

Ocimum basilicum 'Dark Opal' (Dark Opal Basil) - Complete Herb Growing Guide

Ocimum basilicum 'Dark Opal' (Dark Opal Basil)

Complete Herb Growing Guide – Culinary Leafy
Culinary Leafy • Lamiaceae
⏱ 18 min read
Ocimum basilicum 'Dark Opal' botanical illustration Botanical illustration of Ocimum basilicum 'Dark Opal', a culinary leafy herb Culinary Leafy • Lamiaceae
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Culinary Leafy
45cm
Height
2°C
Cold Hardy
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USDA Zones 10–11
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Harvest: Leaves
📅
Summer
Features
ContainerIndoorCulinaryDeer ResistantPollinator

Introduction & History

Botanical introduction Vintage herbarium plate introducing Ocimum basilicum 'Dark Opal' Herbarium Specimen Ocimum basilicum 'Dark Opal' Fam.: Lamiaceae Origin: cultivar (1962 AAS winner) Oil glands Culinary Leafy • Lamiaceae

Dark Opal - bazalka tmavá ako noc, s listami farby burgundského vína a klinčekovo-anízovou arómou intenzívnejšou ako u zelenej bazalky. Vyšľachtená v roku 1962 na University of Connecticut, získala prestížnu cenu All-America Selections a zmenila pohľad na bazalku - z čisto kuchynskej bylinky sa stala aj dekoratívna záhradná hviezda.

Family: Lamiaceae
Group: Culinary Leafy
Genus: Ocimum
Species: basilicum
Type: Annual
Origin: cultivar (1962 AAS winner)
Cuisine: purple pesto, vinegars, ornamental
Family etymology: from Latin labium (lip), referring to the two-lipped corolla typical of the mint family
Key phytochemicals (Culinary Leafy): myrcene (herbaceous, earthy), linalool (floral), geraniol (rose-like), citral (lemony)
Aromatic profile: sweet basil, clove, peppery

History & Origin

Vyšľachtená krížením tmavopurpurovej tureckej odrody s bazalkou sladkou na University of Connecticut, USA (John Scarchuk a Joseph Lent, 1950-1962). All-America Selections Award 1962. Prvý komerčne úspešný purpurový kultivar. Rodičovská odroda pre ďalšie fialové kultivary ako 'Purple Ruffles' a 'Red Rubin'.

Botanical Description

Plant anatomy Anatomical diagram of Ocimum basilicum 'Dark Opal' showing leaf structure and oil glands Herb Anatomy Leaf Cross-Section Palisade cells Midrib Oil gland Square stem (Lamiaceae)

Jednoročná bylinka z čeľade Lamiaceae, kultivar druhu Ocimum basilicum. Výška 30-50 cm, kompaktný rast. Listy oválne, 3-6 cm dlhé, tmavopurpurové až takmer čierne, lesklé, s výraznou klinčekovo-anízovou vôňou. Kvety ružovofialové v klasoch. Antokyaníny zodpovedné za purpurovú farbu. Stonky tmavopurpurové.

Morphological characteristics:
Stem: Square (quadrangular) — diagnostic for Lamiaceae • Leaves: Opposite, decussate arrangement • Height: 45 cm at maturity • Spread: 25 cm • Foliage: deep purple-black • Flowers: pink-lavender (summer)

Planting & Cultivation

Planting guide Sowing depth, spacing, and bed layout for Ocimum basilicum 'Dark Opal' Planting & Spacing Guide Soil surface Seed depth 3–6 mm 25 cm spacing Planting Checklist • Sun: Full Sun • Soil pH: 6.0-7.0 • Spacing: 25 cm apart • Depth: 3–6 mm (seed) or root ball • Well-drained, humus-rich soil • Water gently after sowing • Mature height: ~45 cm

Predpestovanie v marci-apríli pri 20-25 C, klíčenie za 5-7 dní. Vysádzať po posledných mrazoch (po 15. máji). Vzdialenosť 25-30 cm. Pôda výživná, vlhká, pH 6,0-7,0. Plné slnko nutné pre intenzívnu purpurovú farbu - v polotieni zelenie. Priamy výsev po 20. máji.

Planting parameters:
Sun exposure Full Sun
Soil pH 6.0-7.0
Spacing 25 cm
Seed depth 3–6 mm (surface-sow if light-dependent germinator)
Water needs Moderate
Soil type Well-drained, humus-rich loam; add perlite or grit for drainage

Cultivation Details

Pestovanie identické s bazalkou pravou. Odštipovať kvetné piny pre produkciu listov. Farba závisí od svetla - v polotieni listy zelenajú. Nie je úplne stabilná - časť rastlín z osiva môže mať zelené listy (10-20 procent). Selekcia tmavých jedincov pri presvetľovaní. Pomalší rast ako zelená bazalka.

Climate & Hardiness

Climate and hardiness Hardiness zones and seasonal care diagram for Ocimum basilicum 'Dark Opal' Climate & Hardiness Guide Cold Tolerance 40°C 20°C 0°C -20°C 2°C min Tender USDA Zones: 10-11 Seasonal Activity JFMAMJJASOND Peak season Active growth Harvest/Prep Bring indoors Overwintering Strategy • Bring indoors before first frost (min 5°C). Reduce watering. Place in brightest window. • Resume outdoor placement after last frost. Harden off gradually over 7–10 days.

Jednoročka, zóny USDA 4-11 (letná kultúra). Nulová mrazuvzdornosť. Optimum 22-28 C. Pod 12 C stagnuje. Na Slovensku klasická letná bylinka. Citlivejšia na chlad ako niektoré zelené odrody. V chladnom lete slabšia farba a rast.

Frost hardiness: Tender
USDA zones: 10-11
Minimum temperature: 2°C
Indoor growing: Suitable for windowsill culture with 6+ hours light

Seasonal Care

Marec-apríl: predpestovanie. Máj: výsadba po mrazoch. Jún-august: odštipovanie kvetov, pravidelná zálievka, zber. September: posledný zber pred chladom. Október: mráz ukončí vegetáciu.

Propagation

Propagation methods Seed, cutting, and division propagation of Ocimum basilicum 'Dark Opal' Propagation Methods From Seed 7—21 days Stem Cutting Cut below node 2—4 weeks Succession

Semenom (svetlokličivé, klíčenie 5-7 dní) alebo odrezkami. Semená nie sú 100 procent stabilné - časť sadeníc bude zelená. Selekcia podľa farby pri presvetľovaní. Odrezky zachovávajú farbu spoľahlivejšie. Pre istotu kupovať certifikované semená od overených producentov.

Propagation methods comparison:
Method Success rate Time Notes
Direct sowing 85–95% 7–21 days Sow after last frost, 3–6 mm deep
Indoor start 90–98% 6–8 weeks early Use seed trays, transplant after hardening off
Succession sowing Every 3–4 weeks Ensures continuous harvest all season

Diseases & Pests

Pest and disease guide Common diseases and pests affecting Ocimum basilicum 'Dark Opal' Common Pests & Diseases Powdery Mildew White powdery coating on leaves ✓ Improve air flow ✓ Avoid overhead water Aphids Clusters on tender shoot tips & buds ✓ Blast with water jet ✓ Encourage ladybirds Root Rot Waterlogged, mushy roots, wilting foliage ✓ Improve drainage ✓ Reduce watering Slugs & Snails Irregular holes in leaves, slime trails ✓ Beer traps, copper ✓ Evening patrols Watch For

Rovnaké ako bazalka pravá: Fusarium oxysporum (vädnutie), downy mildew (Peronospora belbahrii), vošky, slimáky. Tmavé listy skrývajú príznaky niektorých chorôb - kontrolovať pozorne. Prevencia: rotácia, vzdušné stanovište, zálievka k báze.

Culinary Uses

Culinary preparation Kitchen preparation and preservation methods for Ocimum basilicum 'Dark Opal' Culinary Preparation Fresh leaves Drying Air dry 1—2 weeks Freezing Chop + olive oil Freeze in cubes Infused Oil Steep 2—4 weeks purple pesto, vinegars, ornamental

Rovnaká chuť ako zelená bazalka, ale intenzívnejšia klinčeková zložka. Bazalkový ocot - purpurové listy farbia ocot do krásnej ružovej. Pesto z Dark Opal má tmavšiu farbu. Dekorácia jedál - kontrast s bielou mozzarellou a červenými rajčinami. Bazalkový sirup ružovej farby do koktailov.

Flavour profile: sweet basil, clove, peppery. Essential oils are most concentrated just before flowering — harvest at this stage for maximum culinary impact. Heat degrades volatile compounds; add fresh herbs at the end of cooking, or use woody herbs (rosemary, thyme, bay) that withstand longer cooking.
Cuisine traditions: purple pesto, vinegars, ornamental. This herb features prominently in the aromatic base of traditional dishes and is often paired with complementary herbs and spices from its region of origin.
Pairing guide:
Category Pairing suggestions
Poultry Chicken, turkey, duck
Fish White fish, salmon, prawns
Vegetables Tomatoes, courgettes, aubergine
Dairy Soft cheeses, butter, cream sauces

Medicinal & Aromatherapy

Herbal preparations Traditional herbal extraction and preparation methods for Ocimum basilicum 'Dark Opal' Herbal Preparations Tisane / Tea Fresh or dried Steep 5–10 min Tincture Alcohol extract Macerate 4—6 wks Essential Oil Steam distillation Concentrated volatile oils Poultice Crushed fresh herb applied topically Aroma: sweet basil, clove, peppery

Rovnaké vlastnosti ako bazalka pravá (linalol, eugenol). Antokyaníny v purpurových listoch sú navyše silné antioxidanty. Vyšší obsah fenolických zlúčenín ako zelená bazalka. Čaj na trávenie. V aromaterapii rovnako účinná.

Key bioactive compounds:
Compound Properties
myrcene herbaceous, earthy
linalool floral
geraniol rose-like
citral lemony
apigenin mild sedative flavonoid
Aromatherapy profile: sweet basil, clove, peppery. The essential oil can be used in diffusers, massage blends (diluted in carrier oil at 1–3%), or added to bath water. Some compounds (linalool, linalyl acetate) have clinically demonstrated anxiolytic and sedative effects.
⚠ Contraindications & safety: Essential oils should never be ingested undiluted. Pregnant and breastfeeding women should consult a healthcare professional before medicinal use. Some herbs interact with prescription medications (especially anticoagulants, sedatives, and antihypertensives). Phototoxic compounds (furanocoumarins) in some Apiaceae can cause skin sensitisation in sunlight. This information is for educational purposes only — always consult a qualified herbalist or healthcare professional.

Container & Companion Growing

Container and companion growing Container setup and companion planting layout for Ocimum basilicum 'Dark Opal' Container & Companion Planting Container Setup Drainage layer 20–25 cm Ø, 5 L+ Container Tips • Drainage holes essential • 20–30% perlite in mix • Feed every 2–3 weeks • Water when top 2cm dry • Repot annually in spring • Pot feet prevent waterlog • Indoor: south window + LED Excellent for containers Companion Planting Ocimum basil Culinary Leafy Tomatoes Peppers Strawber Carrots Fennel Rue ● Good ● Avoid

Container Growing

Ideálna balkónová rastlina - dekoratívna purpurová farba aj kuchynský úžitok. Kvetináč 15-20 cm, plné slnko. Substrát výživný, vlhký. Kombinácia s bielokvetou bazalkou v jednom truhlíku vytvára efektný kontrast. Jeden kvetináč stačí pre jednu osobu.

Container requirements:
• Minimum pot size: 20–25 cm Ø, 5 L+
• Shallow roots; frequent watering needed
• Use free-draining potting compost with 20–30% perlite or grit
• Ensure drainage holes; stand on pot feet to prevent waterlogging
• Feed with dilute liquid fertiliser (half-strength) every 2–3 weeks in growing season
• Indoor: Place on brightest windowsill (south-facing ideal); supplement with grow lights in winter

Companion Planting

Rovnako ako zelená bazalka: spoločník rajčín a papriky. Estetický kontrast so zelenou bazalkou v záhone. V bylinkových špirálach a dekoratívnych záhonoch. Purpurové listy výborne kontrastujú s bielymi a žltými kvetmi.

Companion planting guide:
✓ Good companions Tomatoes, Peppers, Strawberries, Carrots
✗ Avoid planting with Fennel, Rue

Common Mistakes to Avoid

Pestovanie v polotieni - listy zelenajú. Očakávanie 100 procent purpurových sadeníc z osiva - časť bude zelená. Nechať kvitnúť - stráca farbu aj arómu. Sušenie - purpurová farba sa stráca. Príliš veľa dusíka - bujný rast, ale menej intenzívna farba.

Harvesting & Preservation

Harvesting technique Proper harvesting technique and drying methods for Ocimum basilicum 'Dark Opal' Harvesting & Preservation Where to Cut ← Cut here (above node) Node Best Practice ☀ Morning After dew dries Pre-flower Peak oil content • Never harvest > ⅓ of plant • Use sharp, clean tools • Season: summer • Harvest: leaves Drying Methods Good air flow, 20–25°C Away from direct sun

Zbierať vetvičky nad párom listov - stimuluje vetvenie. Purpurové listy farbí ocot a olej do krásnej ružovej farby - bazalkový ocot z Dark Opal je prémiový produkt. Zamrazovanie v olejovom ľade. Sušením sa farba stráca. Dekoratívne použitie čerstvých listov na jedlách.

Optimal harvest timing:
Time of day: Early morning, after dew has evaporated but before intense midday heat volatilises essential oils
Growth stage: Just before flowering, when essential oil concentration peaks. Once flowers open, the plant redirects energy from leaf production
Season: Summer
Part harvested: Leaves
Harvest rule: Never remove more than ⅓ of the plant at once; this ensures continued vigorous regrowth
Technique: Cut stems cleanly above a leaf node with sharp scissors or secateurs. Tearing damages tissue and invites disease
Preservation methods:
Method Process Shelf life Best for
Air drying Tie bundles, hang upside down in warm, dark, airy space 6–12 months Most herbs
Oven / dehydrator Spread on trays, 35–45°C until crisp 6–12 months Fleshy-leaved herbs
Freezing (whole) Blanch 5s, ice bath, pat dry, freeze flat on tray 6 months Basil, chives, parsley
Freezing (oil cubes) Chop fine, pack into ice cube tray, cover with olive oil 6 months Any culinary herb
Herb salt Layer herb and coarse salt 1:4, dry and grind 12+ months Rosemary, thyme, sage
Infused vinegar Pack jar, cover with warm vinegar, steep 2–4 weeks 6 months Tarragon, dill, basil
Infused oil Fill jar with dried herb, cover with oil, steep 4–6 weeks 3–6 months Rosemary, thyme, chilli

Frequently Asked Questions

Prečo niektoré rastliny z osiva zelenajú?

'Dark Opal' nie je geneticky úplne stabilná línia. 10-20 procent sadeníc môže mať zelené alebo zelenopurpurové listy. Selektujte tmavé jedince pri presvetľovaní. Odrezky z tmavých rastlín zachovávajú farbu spoľahlivejšie.

Je Dark Opal rovnako chutná ako zelená bazalka?

Áno, chuťový profil je veľmi podobný, s mierne silnejšou klinčekovou zložkou. V kuchyni sú plne zameniteľné. Bonus: farbia ocot a olej do ružovej farby.

Aké sú iné purpurové odrody bazalky?

'Red Rubin' (stabilnejšia farba), 'Purple Ruffles' (zvlnené listy, AAS 1987), 'African Blue' (trvalá, sterilná, intenzívna farba). 'Dark Opal' je historicky prvá a najznámejšia.

Seasonal Care Calendar

Monthly Care Intensity Chart WaterFeedPruneHarvestJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec

🌱 Spring (Mar–May)

Water: Light
Feeding: Light feeding

☀️ Summer (Jun–Aug)

Water: Heavy
Feeding: Regular feeding

🍂 Autumn (Sep–Nov)

Water: Moderate
Feeding: No feeding

❄️ Winter (Dec–Feb)

Water: Minimal
Feeding: No feeding

Prvý komerčne úspešný purpurový kultivar bazalky s dekoratívnymi tmavými listami a intenzívnou klinčekovo-anízovou arómou, ideálny na bazalkový ocot a ako záhradná ozdoba.

Quick Reference: Ocimum basilicum 'Dark Opal'

Group: Culinary Leafy
Family: Lamiaceae
Type: Annual
Height: 45cm
USDA Zones: 10-11
Cold Tolerance: 2°C
Sun: Full Sun
Harvest Part: Leaves
Origin: cultivar (1962 AAS winner)

Key Principles: Right location, well-drained soil, regular harvesting to promote growth, and appropriate winter protection for tender species.

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